The Latin word 'fossil' means'belonging to the past' Or 'buried'. Fossils are the underground remnants of living organisms that existed much earlier. They are formed when a dead plant and animals is preserved in stead of getting decomposed. This usually happens when the carcass of an animal falls …

After the'Archeozoic' period of the Precambrian era, which lasted till about 550 million years ago, came the Paleozoic era. This era is subdivided into Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, and permian periods. In the Cambrian period, defferent types of Organisms lived in the sea. l…

Like the history of human civilization, the history of the Earth too is divided into periods. However, these periods cover  not just a few centuries, but millions of years. Broadly, we differentiate between the time preceding the period 550million years ago and the time after that, during which life developed very quickl…

There is no life on the other planets in our solar system because their environments are not favorable for life.  They are either too hot,too cold, or too stormy. The only place that can be assumed capable of sustaining life is Europe, the moon of Jupiter.  scientists say that an ocean of liquid water could b…

Without water, there would be no animals or plants, which carry out photosynthesis and release oxygen, and consequently the oxygen content in the atmosphere would go down. Moreover, the absence of oceans would have serious consequences as they help to keep the Earth's climate moderate by storing heat inside them. …

Gaseous oxygen was created on the Earth 🌎 about 3-5billion years ago. At that time, the UV light of the sun decomposed the water vapour molecules present in the atmosphere, and released oxygen and hydrogen. But a major part of the oxygen immediately reacted with other substances, so that it was no longer available in the atmosphere…

The origin of life on the Earth is a fortunate series of events. The Earth distance from the sun was such that its atmosphere and surface cooled down a moderate level. Liquid water and not just water vapour also formed, and it  did not freeze as the sun was not to far away. The cooling of the Earth gave rise to a kind of…

The Earth, along with the sun and the remaining planets of our solar system, originated around 4.8billion years ago from dust particles, which agglomerated gradually.  At that time, the young Earth was bomardrded by countless meteorites from space. The Earth's interior was molten and volcanoes erupted constantly. But…

Unlike the other planets of our solar system, life developed into many forms on the Earth after its emergence.liquid water and oxygen for breathing made this possible. Millions of species of plants and animals thrive today on land and in water.  water cover more than two-thirds of the Earth's surface. Therefore, the …

At the beginning of the universe, there were only gas and dust particles in space.Since objects with physical mass have a mutual attraction, the dust particles agglomerated gradually to from larger bodies such as star and planets.  These bodies started roting the moment they collided. After many collision, the rotations …

ಉತ್ತರ ಮತ್ತು ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಧ್ರುವಗಳು ಎರಡು ಋತುಗಳನ್ನು ಹೊಂದಿವೆ: ಬೇಸಿಗೆ ಮತ್ತು ಚಳಿಗಾಲ. ಪ್ರತಿ ಋತುವಿನಲ್ಲಿ. ಆರು ತಿಂಗಳವರೆಗೆ ಇರುತ್ತದೆ. ಎರಡು ಋತುಗಳ ನಡುವಿನ ವ್ಯತ್ಯಾಸವು ತಾಪಮಾನಕ್ಕಿಂತ ಹಗಲಿನ ವಿಷಯವಾಗಿದೆ.  ಎರಡೂ ಋತುಗಳು ತಂಪಾಗಿದ್ದರೂ, ಧ್ರುವಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಬೇಸಿಗೆಯಲ್ಲಿ ತಾಪಮಾನವು ಚಳಿಗಾಲದಲ್ಲಿ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಇರುತ್ತದೆ.  ಬೇಸಿಗೆಯಲ್ಲಿ, 24 ಗಂಟೆಗಳ ಸೂರ್ಯನ ಬೆಳಕು ಇರುತ್ತದೆ ಆ…

The axis of rotation of the Earth is tilted, and this can be seen clearly in a globe.  Around  June 21,the axis points clearly towards the sun (see the figures).As a result a large part of the Northern hemisphere is illuminated by a strong sun and day time remains long till the rotation of the Earth cause this area to mo…

When it is 12noon in lndia, it is 3:30pm in Japan. Since the Earth rotate on its axis once every 24hours.during which time all parts of the Earth face the sun one by one; I.e.,the the time is 12noon at all places turn by turn. Such a 'time shift 'takes place between many countries. Between India 🇮🇳 and Japan it is 3hours a…

One rotation of the Earth takes one day. If at 12noon the sun is at the nighest point in the sky, then after 24 hours it will come back again to the same position. It was the Babylonians who first divided the day into 24hours.they could have counted the hours from 1to10 , then to 20 ,and so on, but instead they calculated from 1to 6…

The rotation of the earth on its axis causes the alternation of day and night. The Earth also revolves around the sun. As result of both these movements, the Earth does not get continuous light from the sun . This means when countries such as India 🇮🇳faces the sun and has a bright day, the areas on the other side of th…

Water evaporates when the sun shines on oceans, seas, or wet grounds or when wind blows over them. The water vapour rises up and gets converted again in to tiny droplets on reaching the cold heights of the sky.  these tiny droplets from clouds which are carried here and there by the wind. If they rise further, such as on…

The reason for this is that light travels faster than sound. The speed of light is 300,000Km per second.  on the contrary, sound is slow and covers only about 330m in one second, I.e.,one kilometre in 3 seconds. If we count the seconds till we hear  the thuder of the seeing the flash of lightning in the sky and divide th…

Accumulation of moisture in the atmosphere causes a thunderstorm. This accursed mostly in summer when the sun is hot and keeps soaking up water from the ground and water bodies. The most air rises and form small clouds that pile up gradually to from huge cauliflower shaped clouds as high as 10Km.lnside the clouds, large water drops …

When we talk about cyclones, we do not usually mean the small destructive tornadoes, but instead the large tropical storms, which the coastal inhabitants face. In America, these are known as 'hurricane ', in East Asia 'typhoons ',and in India 'cyclones '.Hurricanes occur in early spring in the warm water arou…

Unlike climate, weather depends on the seasons and can also change anytime. Meteorologists predict in the evening how the weather will be the next day. The weather is driven by the sun, which heats up the ground and the weather surface. Evaporated water creates clouds from which thunderstorms bbuild up,and the ensuing bursts of thun…

There have been many ice ages  in the entire history of the Earth 🌎. During these cold phases, the average temperature of the Earth dropped 5°C below the normal level and the polar regions were completely covered with ice 🧊. The last big cold period, known as 'ice age ',ended around 10,000years ago, with the thawing of the…

'El Nino ', which means 'the christ child 'in Spanish, refers to disturbance in the ocean current, which runs off the coast of Peru 🇵🇪and which accurs every 3-8years around Christmas. When distributed, the cold Humboldt current, which flows along the western coast of South America towards the north, is puhsed back …

Hot and cold ocean currents affect the climate of the. Land masses along their course. The Agulhas current,for instance, long prevented Portuguese sailors from reaching India. Ocea currents also affect temperatures all across the world. The current that brings warm water up the North Atlantic Ocean and blacking ships from entering a…

The trade wind is a wind that blows through out the year in the tropics,a broad belt around the equator. In the northern hemisphere, it blows from the northeast to the equator, and in the southern hemisphere, it blows from the southeast to the equator. The sun, being directly overheard, is very strong and heats up the air in the equ…

While the weather changes every day and a hot and humid day can be followed by a rainy one,the climate of a region remains the same for a long time. Thus, the summary season at the North sea is generally cooler in Frieburg and the winter season is rather cold and damp and not as snowy as in the Alps.The climate is the driven by the …

Humans being build roads and parking spaces, harness rivers, remove brushes from margins of fields.As water does not seep through concrete and asphalt, floods increase and the ground water level drops. The wind blows unhindered over the arable lands shorn of trees 🌳and blushes and erodes the soil. In some countries, entire stretche…

A thick, moving layer of ice 🧊 act like a huge plug.in the ice age, thick streams of ice which were several kilometres long,moved from Scandinavia to wards the south, scarping and leveling the land below them. Even today, this is an ongoing natural process in the landscapes of Finland and North Germany. Ice also shapes landscapes b…

Human beings build roads and parking spaces, harness rivers.,and remove bushes from margins of fields. As water 💧does not sheep through  concrete and asphalt, floods increase and the ground water level drops. The wind below unhindered over the erable lands shorn of tree 🌳and bushes and erodes the  soil. In some countries, entire s…